What is a solar PV system made of?
A home solar PV system is made up of solar panels, an inverter, roof mounting, wiring and a generation meter, plus an optional battery. The panels generate DC electricity, the inverter converts it to AC for your home, and the battery stores surplus for later. Everything is fitted by an MCS-certified installer and registered with your network operator.
The main components
- Panels: the photovoltaic modules on your roof, typically 400W each.
- Inverter: converts DC to AC; can be a single string inverter, a hybrid (battery-ready) inverter, or microinverters on each panel.
- Mounting: rails and clamps that fix the panels securely to your roof.
- Battery (optional): stores daytime surplus for evening use, £2,500 to £6,000.
- Generation meter and smart meter: measure what you generate and export.
- Cabling, isolators and sometimes a new consumer unit to tie it all in safely.
What it costs as a package
A fully installed system, including all of the above except a battery, costs most UK homes between £5,000 and £12,000 depending on size. Adding a battery adds £2,500 to £6,000. The price you are quoted should include scaffolding, fitting and MCS certification.
Frequently asked questions
- Do I need a battery?
- No. Many homes start with panels only and add a battery later. A battery increases how much of your own generation you use, which improves savings.
- What is the most important component?
- The inverter does the most work and is the part most likely to need replacing within the system's life, so a good inverter with a solid warranty matters.
Related questions
Indicative estimates based on UK average data. Last updated 27 May 2026.